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The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) concerning Conservation Measures for Marine Turtles of the Atlantic Coast of Africa is a 1998 multilateral environmental memorandum of understanding that entered into effect on 1 July 1999 under the auspices of the Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), also known as the Bonn Convention. The MoU focuses on the protection of six marine turtle species that are estimated to have rapidly declined in numbers along the Atlantic Coast of Africa. The MoU covers 26 range States (Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mauritania, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, Portugal (Azores, Madeira), São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Spain (Canary Islands), Togo and United Kingdom). As of May 2013, 23 range States have signed the MoU.〔(Summary Sheet ).〕 == Development of MoU == Marine turtles are thought to be numerous along much of the Atlantic Coast of Africa. The area includes nesting sites, feeding areas and migration corridors of importance to six species of marine turtles. To protect these species an Article IV agreement was concluded and came into effect on 1 July 1999. Signatories to the Marine Turtles of Atlantic Coast of Africa MoU:〔 * Benin (29 May 1999) * Congo (29 May 1999) * Equatorial Guinea (29 May 1999) * Gabon (29 May 1999) * Guinea (29 May 1999) * Guinea-Bissau (29 May 1999) * Mauritania (29 May 1999) * Democratic Republic of Congo (12 November 1999) * Gambia (12 November 1999) * Ghana (12 November 1999) * Nigeria (12 November 1999) * Togo (12 November 1999) * Angola (9 May 2002) * Morocco (9 May 2002) * São Tomé and Príncipe (9 May 2002) * Senegal (9 May 2002) * Sierra Leone (9 May 2002) * Cameroon (18 September 2002) * Côte d'Ivoire (18 September 2002) * Liberia (24 November 2005) * Namibia (21 February 2006) * Cape Verde (8 January 2007) * South Africa (6 November 2007) In addition, the CMS Secretariat also signed the MoU (29 May 1999). The “Nairobi Declaration”, adopted at the May 2002 meeting, drew attention to the problem of by-catch in industrial fishing operations and emphasized the importance of involving local communities in the development and implementation of conservation activities.〔Nairobi Declaration: http://www.cms.int/species/africa_turtle/older_files/nairobi_declaration_090502.htm〕 It seeks to maximise the advantages of cooperation between related conventions and NGOs, and the integration of marine turtle conservation measures within the emerging African Process for the Development and Protection of the Marine and Coastal Environment in Sub-Saharan Africa. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Memorandum of Understanding concerning Conservation Measures for Marine Turtles of the Atlantic Coast of Africa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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